Zvimwe zvakakosha zverabha

1. Reflecting rubber like elasticity

Rubha rakasiyana neiyo elastic energy inoratidzwa nelongitudinal elastic coefficient (Young's modulus).Inoreva iyo inonzi "rabha elasticity" iyo inogona kudzoreredzwa kunyangwe kumazana ezana muzana ye deformation zvichienderana ne entropy elasticity inogadzirwa nekumisikidza uye kudzokororwa kwema molecular locks.

2. Kuratidzira viscoelasticity yerabha

Zvinoenderana nemutemo waHooke, inonzi viscoelastic body ine zvivakwa zviri pakati pakati pemuviri wakareruka uye mvura yakazara.Kureva kuti, kune zviito zvakaita sedeformation inokonzerwa nemasimba ekunze, inotongwa nenguva uye tembiricha mamiriro, uye inoratidza zviitiko zvekukambaira uye kuzorora kwekushushikana.Munguva yekudengenyeka, pane mutsauko wechikamu mukushushikana uye deformation, iyo inoratidzawo hysteresis kurasikirwa.Iko kurasikirwa kwesimba kunoratidzwa nenzira yekupisa chizvarwa zvichienderana nehukuru hwayo.Uyezve, mune zvine simba zviitiko, periodic kutsamira inogona kucherechedzwa, iyo inoshanda kune yenguva tembiricha yekushandura mutemo.

3. Iine basa re anti vibration uye buffering

Kudyidzana pakati pekupfava, elasticity, uye viscoelasticity yerabha inoratidza kugona kwayo kudzikisira kutapurirana kweruzha uye vibration.Saka inoshandiswa mumatanho ekudzikisa ruzha uye kusvibiswa kwekudengenyeka.

4. Pane kutsamira kwakakosha pane tembiricha

Kwete chete rabha, asi akawanda emuviri zvimiro zvepolymer zvinhu zvinowanzokanganiswa nekupisa, uye rabha ine tsika yakasimba yakanangana ne viscoelasticity, iyo zvakare inokanganiswa zvakanyanya nekushisa.Pakazara, rabha rinowanzoita embrittlement panguva yakaderera tembiricha;Pakupisa kwepamusoro, nzira dzakatevedzana dzakadai sekupfava, kupera, kupisa oxidation, kuora kwekushisa, uye kupisa kunogona kuitika.Uyezve, nekuti rabha ndeye organic, haina kudzoreredza murazvo.

5. Hunhu hwekudzivirira magetsi

Kufanana nepurasitiki, rabha pakutanga yaive insulator.Inoshandiswa muganda rekudzivirira uye zvimwe zvinhu, maitiro emagetsi ekudzivirira anokanganisa zvakare nekuda kwemaitiro akasiyana.Uye zvakare, kune conductive rubbers anoshingairira kuderedza insulation kuramba kudzivirira electrification.

6. Kuchembera chiitiko

Zvichienzaniswa nekuora kwesimbi, huni, dombo, uye kuparara kwemapurasitiki, shanduko yezvinhu inokonzerwa nemamiriro ekunze inozivikanwa sezviitiko zvekuchembera muindasitiri yerabha.Pakazara, zvakaoma kutaura kuti rabha chinhu chine kusimba kwakasimba.UV mwaranzi, kupisa, okisijeni, ozone, mafuta, zvinonyungudutsa, zvinodhaka, kushushikana, kudedera, nezvimwe ndizvo zvinonyanya kukonzera kuchembera.

7. Kuda kuwedzera sarufa

Maitiro ekubatanidza ketani senge mapolymer erabha nesarufa kana zvimwe zvinhu anonzi sulfur kuwedzera.Nekuda kwekudzikisira kwekuyerera kwepurasitiki, kuumbwa, simba, uye zvimwe zvimiro zvemuviri zvinovandudzwa, uye tembiricha yekushandiswa inowedzerwa, zvichikonzera kuvandudzwa kwekuita.Kuwedzera kune sulfur sulfidation yakakodzera elastomers ane mbiri zvisungo, kune zvakare peroxide sulfidation uye ammonium sulfidation uchishandisa peroxides.Mune thermoplastic rabha, inozivikanwawo serabha semapurasitiki, kune zvakare ayo asingade kuwedzera sarufa.

8. Formula inodiwa

Mune rabha yekugadzira, kunze kunoitwa uko maumbirwo akadai se polyurethane asingadiwi (kunze kwekusanganisa maajenti).Kazhinji, rubber inoda maitiro akasiyana-siyana.Izvo zvakakosha kuti utaure nezve rudzi uye huwandu hwekuumbwa kwakasarudzwa se "kugadza fomula" mukugadzira rubber tekinoroji.Zvikamu zvisinganzwisisike zveiyo inoshanda fomula inoenderana nechinangwa uye inodiwa kuita inogona kunzi ndiyo tekinoroji yeakasiyana ekugadzira ekugadzira.

9. Zvimwe zvinhu

(a) Simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi

Panyaya yerabha mbishi, rabha rechisikigo rinobva pa0.91 kusvika 0.93, EPM inotangira pa0.86 kusvika 0.87 ichiva diki, uye fluororubber inotangira pa1.8 kusvika 2.0 ichiva hombe.Rabha inoshanda inosiyana zvichienderana neforoma, ine giravhiti chaiyo inosvika 2 yekabhoni nhema nesarufa, 5.6 yesimbi dzakasanganiswa se zinc oxide, uye ingangoita 1 yekugadzirwa kweorganic.Muzviitiko zvakawanda, giravhiti chaiyo inotangira kubva ku1 kusvika ku2. Uyezve, mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana, kunewo zvigadzirwa zvine hurema hunorema semafirimu anonzwika akazadzwa nehupfu hwekutungamirira.Pakazara, zvichienzaniswa nesimbi nezvimwe zvinhu, zvinogona kunzi zviri nyore.

(b) Kuoma

Pakazara, inowanzova yakapfava.Kunyangwe paine akawanda ane kuomarara kwepasi pasi, zvinogoneka zvakare kuwana yakaomesesa yakanamira yakafanana nepolyurethane rubber, inogona kuchinjwa zvichienderana nekuumbwa kwakasiyana.

(c) Ventilatory

Pakazara, zvakaoma kushandisa mweya nemamwe magasi semidziyo yekuisa chisimbiso.Butyl rabha ine yakanakisa kusafema, nepo silicone rabha iri nyore kufema.

(d) Kusapinda mvura

Pakazere, ine zvimiro zvisingapindi mvura, mwero wepamusoro wekutora mvura kupfuura epurasitiki, uye inogona kusvika makumi akati wandei kubva muzana mumvura iri kufashaira.Kune rumwe rutivi, maererano nekudzivirira kwemvura, nekuda kwezvinhu zvakadai sekushisa, nguva yekunyudzwa, uye kupindira kweasidhi nealkali, polyurethane rubber inogona kupinda mumvura.

(e) Kuramba zvinodhaka

Pakazere, ine kurwisa kwakasimba kune inorganic zvinodhaka, uye dzinenge dzese rabha dzinogona kumira kudzika kwakadzika kwealkali.Marubha mazhinji anova brittle kana asangana neakasimba oxidizing acid.Kunyangwe ichinyanya kurwisa mafuta acids senge organic zvinodhaka senge doro uye ether.Asi muhydrogen carbide, acetone, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, phenolic compounds, nezvimwewo, zvinopinda nyore nyore uye zvinokonzera kuzvimba uye kupera simba.Pamusoro pezvo, maererano nekushomeka kwemafuta, vazhinji vanogona kumira nemafuta emhuka nemiriwo, asi vanozoremara uye vanowanzozvimba kana vasangana nepetroleum.Uyezve, zvinopesvedzerwawo nezvinhu zvakaita serudzi rwerabha, rudzi uye huwandu hwemagadzirirwo, uye tembiricha.

(f) Pfeka kuramba

Icho chimiro chinonyanya kudiwa muminda yematairi, mabhanhire akaonda, shangu, nezvimwewo. Kuenzaniswa nekupfeka kunokonzerwa nekutsvedza, kupfeka kwakashata kunowedzera dambudziko.Polyurethane rabha, rabha yechisikigo, butadiene rabha, nezvimwe zvine yakanakisa kupfeka kuramba.

(g) Kuramba kuneta

Inoreva kusimba panguva yakadzokororwa deformation uye vibration.Kunyangwe kutsvaga kwakaoma kuburitsa makatsemuka uye kufambira mberi nekuda kwekudziya, kune zvakare hukama nekuchinja kwezvinhu kunokonzerwa nemakanika mhedzisiro.SBR yakakwirira pane yerabha yechisikigo maererano neiyo crack generation, asi mwero wekukura kwayo unokurumidza uye urombo.Inobatwa nemhando yerabha, amplitude yesimba, deformation kumhanya, uye inosimbisa agent.

(h) Simba

Rubber ine tension properties (kutsemuka simba, elongation,% modulus), compressive simba, shear simba, kubvarura simba, etc. Pane zvinonamira zvakaita sepolyurethane rabha irabha yakachena ine simba rakawanda, pamwe nemarubha akawanda akavandudzwa kuburikidza nekusanganiswa. vamiririri uye reinforcing agents.

(i) Kuramba kwemoto

Inoreva kuenzanisa kwekupisa uye kupisa kwehuwandu hwezvinhu pazvinosangana nemoto.Nekudaro, kudonha, chepfu yekugadzirwa kwegasi, uye huwandu hwehutsi inyaya zvakare.Nekuti rabha iri organic, haigone kubatika, asi zvakare iri kusimukira yakanangana nemoto unodzoreredza zvivakwa, uye kune zvakare marabha ane murazvo unodzoreredza zvimiro zvakaita sefluororubber uye chloroprene rabha.

(j) Kunama

Pakazara, ine yakanaka adhesion.Yakanyungudutswa mune yakanyungudutswa uye inoiswa pasi pekunamira kugadzirisa, iyi nzira inogona kuzadzisa iyo inonamatira maitiro eiyo rubber system.Matai uye zvimwe zvikamu zvakabatanidzwa zvichibva pakuwedzera sarufa.Natural rubber uye SBR zvinonyatso shandiswa mukubatana kwerabha kune rabha, rabha kune fiber, rabha kupurasitiki, rabha kune simbi, nezvimwe.

(k) Muchetura

Mukugadzirwa kwerabha, mamwe ma stabilizers uye plasticizers ane zvinhu zvinokuvadza, uye cadmium based pigments inofanirawo kucherechedzwa.